Exchange model Ideal 1's were offered as late as First major modification of the 1 Ideal is introduced. The wooden housing is eliminated but the split shuttle and ebony keyboard remain the same.
Earliest ad for this is February, Then, by no later than December, based on a dated advertisement another modification was made. The split typewheel is replaced with a single-piece type sector that was attached to a vertical cylinder. This attached type sector was named an "anvil" and the hammer was modified to go with it.
The new form was called the "Anvil and Shuttle" design. Thus, the Hammond split typewheel is no longer a feature of new Hammonds from December, on.
It is replaced by the "shuttle. Also, in , a "manifolding attachment" is introduced for both the Ideal and the Universal. The "attachment" appears to simply be interchangeable rubber hammer tips varied hardness. The Hammond 1 Universal was introduced in the earliest ads are July, , and have serial numbers running in the same sequence as other Hammond models.
The three-bank machine has nickel-plated ringed keys. The number of keys is 30, the same number as on the Ideal. The key tops called "finger pieces" by Hammond themselves were advertised as interchangeable for different languages. This and the overt recognition by Hammond that many typist have been trained on "universal" machines made by other companies, is the only advantage of the new Universal design overtly recognized by Hammond in its advertising. By December, , the Universal is advertised as having the "type-bar touch," It has the same "tower" mechanism as the Ideal of this period and includes the split typewheel.
From this point on, Hammond typeface catalogs have to distinguish Ideal and Universal typewheels. The introduction takes place at the same time that Hammond opens its new, larger factory. The 1A is an Ideal Keyboard machine with the original ebony keys on a two-row keyboard that is "open," with the frame attached to a flat baseboard.
Originally, it had the split type wheel, but by it had the one-piece shuttle [collectors designate this as the "1B. The range for 1 A's in the Typewriter Times [November, ] list is from ser. Note that Universal keyboard Hammond 1's were introduced in and have serial 's running in the same sequence as other Hammond models.
Ebony keys, curved keyboard, no more wooden housing, two piece type-shuttle, central "turret" covered with olive celluloid sheet. In both cases, the tube was nickel-plated. About , Hammond introduced five additional models based on the 2 technology. All but the 5 were offered with either Ideal or Universal keyboards. These models were: 3 with a For example, a "Card Cataloger" was introduced for library work.
The ads for it show an Ideal, but it is likely that it was offered with the Universal keyboard. The rack on previous models had been constructed of two cast support arms and a rod, all of which had been nickel plated. Now the rack was made of a single bent rod that was nickel plated. This is often called the "coat hanger" paper rack. This was much easier and cheaper to make, and was also used on the Introduced in Of course, some early 2 machines have these later racks because the three-piece rack often broke, and, once available, it could be replaced with the new form.
In , at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Hammond introduced the model 12 with either an Ideal or Universal Keyboard. Some of the new model machines were sold in , but most of the earliest ephemera are from The major new characteristics of 12 Hammonds is he introduction of a modification in visible access to the line being typed by eliminating the tab system on the 2-based models and introducing a kind of "ribbon vibrator" that moved the ribbon down after a letter was struck.
The visible aspect of this change is a horizontal metal wire sitting on top of the tower with a ribbon carrier at the carriage side and attached at the front of the tower with a small metal bale that allowed the wire hoop to move up and down. There is an angled up pinch in the loop at the front that can be pushed down for ribbon adjustment of to insert a small cut piece of red carbon paper to change the color of the printing. This was marketed as the "Polychrome Ribbon Attachment.
The heads were part of a roratatable rubber ring. There were modifications that included a feed ratchet and release to make it easier to adjust and a change in the way the hammer spring worked. Other characteristics of the 2 basic design were retained in the 12 with both keyboards. Aesthetically, the color of the celluloid key card guide was made in black or in white. The "Reversible" Hammond 12 Universal model was introduced. While the main purpose was to make it possible to type in Arabic and Hebrew, the machine could write all of the other type styles available by then.
The primary change that defined the new Multiplex models introduced in was the capacity to carry two different type sectors on the tower anvil. To change typefaces, all the user needed to do was to lift and rotate the anvil and drop it into the typing position.
The first models through mid were "open" versions; they still used the ribbon spools as on the previous model and the key levers and tower were exposed. In addition, the Multiplex introduced a back space key. The key tops of the Universal were changed to metal-ringed glass-topped ones. The most obvious change in both models was the enclosing of the tower and key levers and the introduction of ribbon cups and regular metal spools.
In addition, by no later than this, a capacity for a two-color ribbon was introduced. The first Hammond portable was introduced. It was made of aluminum and was in a leatherette-covered wooden case. It had all the usual covered Multiplex characteristics, but it was somewhat smaller and lighter. It was offered, like the regular Multiplex Universal, as a Mathematical model. For the first time, Hammond offered the Universal with variable pitch settings—from 4 to 18 letters to the inch.
This change, in combination with the interchangeable type faces, will become the basis of the Varityper models from on. In , the new covered Multiplex Universal was first offered in a "Mathematical Model" that was "improved. Note that the Reversible Hammond 12 Universal continued to be made and sold until at least It was replaced by a "closed" Multiplex version that year.
Note that the common incorrect date given is , but the date given is based on a postmarked advertising flier for the folding portable that was sent on September 27, The main innovation was a keyboard that folded up to make the machine far more compact that the original portable of It was also made of aluminum and was offered in special models, particularly the Scientific and Mathematical one with three shift keys and two four-row type sectors of different pitch sizes.
It also could be purchased with a switch to vary the pitch size for the escapement. Basically the same machine as the Model 26 Portable.
In addition, this design was the basis of the first Varityper in These are manual, non-electric machines from serial , ending with the electric models starting in at serial , Hello, fellow Typewriter Hunters! We've started a Patreon page as a way to allow you, our fellow typewriter lovers, to help make the TWDB even better.
A small monthly pledge helps pay the bills that keep The Typewriter Database online. Please sign up now. Current Price: USD View Auction. The Typewriter Database - Version Epsilon. To find out when your typewriter was made using the typewriters serial number, start by choosing the brand from the select box below. Smith Harry A. Smith Blick-Bar Harry A. Smith Emerson Harry A. Smith Harris Visible Harry A.
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